## ----timestamp-synthetic-data------------------------------------------------- set.seed(20261022) n <- 501L nominal_ms <- 1000 / 120 interval_ms <- pmax(0.1, stats::rnorm(n - 1L, nominal_ms, 0.55)) delays <- seq(95L, 395L, by = 60L) interval_ms[delays] <- interval_ms[delays] * 2.6 timestamp_ms <- c(0, cumsum(interval_ms)) realized_rate_hz <- (length(timestamp_ms) - 1L) * 1000 / (tail(timestamp_ms, 1L) - timestamp_ms[1L]) stopifnot(length(timestamp_ms) == n, all(diff(timestamp_ms) > 0), realized_rate_hz < 120) data.frame(declared_hz = 120, observed_mean_hz = realized_rate_hz, interval_q05_ms = unname(stats::quantile(interval_ms, 0.05)), interval_median_ms = unname(stats::median(interval_ms)), interval_q95_ms = unname(stats::quantile(interval_ms, 0.95))) ## ----timestamp-interval-figure, fig.width=9, fig.height=4, fig.cap="Synthetic timestamp differences. Dashed line shows the nominal device interval, not a measured timing-reference accuracy bound."---- graphics::plot(seq_along(interval_ms), interval_ms, type = "h", col = "#24577B", xlab = "Successive observed interval", ylab = "Elapsed time (milliseconds)", main = "Nominal sampling is not realized delivery") graphics::abline(h = nominal_ms, lty = 2, col = "#C05B43", lwd = 2) ## ----timestamp-distribution-figure, fig.width=8, fig.height=4, fig.cap="Original R histogram of intentionally jittered synthetic intervals with occasional delayed updates; no real device measurement or clock-ground-truth comparison."---- graphics::hist(interval_ms, breaks = 28, col = "#CEE0ED", border = "#597087", xlab = "Observed timestamp interval (milliseconds)", main = "Interval distribution reveals long-tail delays") graphics::abline(v = nominal_ms, col = "#C05B43", lty = 2, lwd = 2)